Organizational Behavioral Models - 926 Words

Models of Organizational Behaviour ELEMENTS OF THE SYSTEM The system’s base rests in the fundamental beliefs and intentions of those who join together to create it such as owners and managers who currently administer it. The philosophy of organizational behaviour held by management consists of an integrated set of assumptions and beliefs about the way things are, the purpose for these activities, and the way they should be. These philosophies are sometimes explicit and occasionally implicit, in the minds managers. Organizations differ in the quality of organizational behaviour that they develop. These differences are substantially caused by different models of organizational behaviour that dominant management’s thought in each†¦show more content†¦In addition, environmental conditions help in determining which model will be the most effective model. Model of Organizational Behavior There are five model of organizational behavior, such as- 1. Autocratic Model, 2. Custodial Model, 3. Collegial Model, 4. Supportive Model, and 5. System Model. Autocratic Model: The basis of this model is power with a managerial orientation of authority. The employees in turn are oriented towards obedience and dependence on the boss. The employee need that is met is subsistence. The performance result is minimal. Custodial Model: The basis of this model is economic resource with a managerial orientation of money. The employees in turn are oriented towards security and benefits and dependence on the organization. The employee need that is met is security. The performance result is passive co-operation. Collegial Model: The basis of this model is partnership with a managerial orientation of teamwork. The employees in turn are oriented towards responsible behavior and self-discipline. The employee need that is met is self-actualization. The performance result is moderate enthusiasm. Supportive Model: The basis of this model is leadership with a managerial orientation of support. The employees is turn are oriented towards job performance and participation. The employee need that is met is recognition. The performance result is awakened drives. System Model: An emerging model of organizational behavior is the systemShow MoreRelatedA Comparative Analysis of Business Models Utilized in the Heart of Change by Cohen and Kotter, to Organizational and Behavioral Management2558 Words   |  11 PagesA Comparative Analysis of Business Models utilized in The Heart of Change by Cohen and Kotter, to Organizational and Behavioral Management by Ivancevich, Konopaske, amp; Matteson A Comparative Analysis of Business Models utilized in The Heart of Change by Cohen and Kotter, to Organizational and Behavioral Management by Ivancevich, Konopaske, amp; Matteson Introduction What is change? Change is ironically one of the very few consistencies in life. Yet we regard change as an aberrationRead MoreHow Is The Organization Described? 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Many companies, which were small 20 years ago have emerged as leaders in the market, overtaking their once larger competitors. These firms internally have revamped the way they do business. They have focused on making changes to their managerial process, thereby creatingRead MoreThe Theory And Integrated Control Theory976 Words   |  4 Pagesanalyzing and processing work motivation and organizational problem solving. It allows individuals to develop expectations, plan and execute actions, receive environmental feedback, compare feedback to expectations and adjust behavior accordingly (Klein, 1989). Klein chose the name control theory because it is a compilation of various overlapping theories of motivation. The theory also incorporated behavioral changes. Klein s integrated control theory model is a meta-theory of motivation and integratesRead MoreOrganisational Development And Organizational Development1604 Words   |  7 Pagesamong OD researchers. The OD article is from the journal of applied behavioural science. Literature review explains shortcoming among OD research. I chose the OD article for the in-depth analysis of this subject from early theories to more recent models of practice. The author discusses the implications for researchers, practitioners, and teaching of OD as a subject. The authors of the OD article aims to give an in-depth analysis of which is of greater scope which is discussed in textbooks, journalRead MoreImpact Of Csr On Organizational Trust And Brand Authenticity1551 Words   |  7 PagesImpact of CSR on Organizational Trust and Brand Authenticity and their behavioral outcomes on Firms Abstract: The importance of Corporate Social Responsibility in sustainable business is inevitable throughout the world. This study aims to investigate long-term relationships between stakeholders and socially responsible companies, reasoning the effect of organizational Trust and Brand Authenticity on such relationships. Trust is a fundamental asset in every business and non-business relationshipRead MoreHuman Resource : An Evaluation Of Organizational Selections In Human Resources1519 Words   |  7 PagesHuman Resources is tasked with filling organizational vacancies with qualified candidates. When these candidates are evaluated, they are screened not only by skills but by behavioral patterns aligned with the transformed requirements of outstanding performance. During an implementation of change, the first thing the organization will want to go through people alignment; making sure the right people are employed and the wrong people are removed. In doing so, the needs or requirement of a person mayRead MoreExamining Structure Models for Ethics1113 Words   |  5 Pagesevidence that corporation should have a models that can measure structural and behavioral organizational ethics. The various models that can utilize to measure structural and behavioral organizational ethics consist of â€Å"Six Sigma†, â€Å"Balanced Scorecard†, and â€Å"the Triple Bottom Line†. For the purpose of this paper this author will consider â€Å"Six Sigma†, and â€Å"the Triple Bottom Line† models. Moreover, this author will briefly explore the elements of these two models and how they are utilized to strengthen

Would fall under. Free Essays

This lowering of production costs stems from a procurement strategy called Low-cost country sourcing (LAICS). I The abundance of cheap labor in Thailand gives the country and its businesses an edge, as they are now able to produce their products at a much lower cost and thus be able to gain a comparative advantage against their rivals from other countries like the US. With regards to exporting to Thailand , as the economy is still in its stages of infancy and the people Just beginning to open up to leisure sports such as Roller Balding , Blades may be able to gain the first-mover advantage by venturing In to Thailand at this point In time. We will write a custom essay sample on Would fall under. or any similar topic only for you Order Now In addition, the good relations and ties that Blades may build with some of their Thai suppliers, could help to ease their efforts in to breaking into the Thai market and exporting to Thailand Furthermore with the rising affluence amongst the people in Thailand, it is likely that more individuals would turn to leisure sports such as, roller balding, during their free time. Coupled with youths in Thailand becoming increasingly â€Å"Americanizes†. This trend therefore, poses as an excellent opportunity for Blades to boost sales In Thailand to off-set the falling demand being experienced In the US. Finally, by exporting to Thailand, Blades Is able to diversify their sales and operations overseas. This way, should their business take off in Thailand, the profits from their foreign subsidiary would be able to offset the falling demand for their products in the US to ensure the company’s sustainability and also investor confidence. Question 2: In the short run, one of the disadvantages would be facing sales that may fall short of expectations due to the ongoing political conflict In Thailand. This potential fall In sales is a result of country risk. The protests and riots as a result of the political instability in the country could deter Blade’s target audience from purchasing their products due to them preferring to stay safe at home than subject themselves to unnecessary harm whilst shopping. Another disadvantage, would be the exchange rate risk which would come about with the currency fluctuation of the Thai Baht. Blades would be more affected by an appreciation of the Tall baht rather than a appreciation. This Is as when the Thai baht appreciates, the raw materials and production costs would become relatively more expensive as one US dollar is now worth less in Thai Baht. This would then drive up their overall cost of production and without any change in demand or sales, result in lower profits. In the long run, Blades should be aware of the international economic conditions as a recession could be disadvantages to the company. With a recession, sales would be affected as blades would fall under. Another disadvantage in the long run would be the isolations that could be implemented by the governing body after Blades have successfully established their subsidiary. Examples would be changes in the regulations for Multi-National Corporations (Mans) like Blades in the country and increase in taxes. All these changes would equate to inconvenience for the company and possibly an increase in their operations cost in the case of an increase in taxes. All these disadvantages should be carefully thought through by Ben Holt and his team as they could impact the commercial viability of setting up a subsidiary in Thailand. How to cite Would fall under., Papers

Analytical Toos/Charts for Law Enforcement Intelli Essay Example For Students

Analytical Toos/Charts for Law Enforcement Intelli Essay gence21 April 2002A Demographic Analysis gives information about an areas population in relation to the ages, race, gender, income, ethnic origin, and level of education. The demographic analysis is mostly used for strategic assessment and long term planning for law enforcement. The reason for analyzing this type of information is to predict by the indicators of the population the threat of criminal activity within an area. If it is known that the male population between the ages of 18 to 23 with an income of $30,000 or more are more likely to participate in drag racing and the population of an area just increased with these factors than the potential for accidents due to road racing will probably increase. By using the demographic analysis, the law enforcement agency can save lives and decrease the criminal activity before it is to late. An Event Flow Analysis depicts events listed chronology. Most of the time the event flow analysis is used for one particular criminal activity. This type of analysis can show how a criminal activity is leading up to (or leading away from) another activity. This kind of analysis can be done as events unfold, because you have to wait for the events to occur, or you can demonstrate the events that have already occurred and conclude that the probability of another occurrence is likely. A Telephone Record Analysis is an analysis that is built by collecting of telephone bills or nonaudio wire receipts. This type of analysis is a good way to find out what organizations or individuals a criminal is calling and can identify conspirators or other individuals that are that the criminal is either selling illegal merchandise to or buying it from. During this type of analysis the analyst can collect long-distance bills that have the numbered dialed on them or use a dialed number recorder (DNR), which will have every number that is dialed out on a particular line. This type of analysis has an excellent use against a phone-based criminal activity like a gambling or bookie ring.

Public Relations

Abstract International events bring many people from different regions together. When organizing internationals events, organizers should have competence skills so that they can be able to make such events successful and enable the customers to appreciate the products. During preparation of internationals events, public relations and relationship marketing skills play a major role in ensuring that the event is successful (Bernays, 2004).Advertising We will write a custom essay sample on Public Relations specifically for you for only $16.05 $11/page Learn More This paper will assess the effectiveness of public relations and relations marketing in ensuring that international events become successful. To acquire a broader understanding, this paper will discuss numerous theories of public relations and relationship management. This paper will also use the Miss Universe Pageant 2011 as the case study to demonstrate the effectiveness of public relations and re lationship management. Introduction Events industry is crucial in informing the public about future events (Peck, 2001). Mostly, events industry is influential in ensuring the public supports local and international events. Notably, marketing plays a major role to ensure that such events become successful. Marketing refers to any positive effort used by a company to cultivate a good relationship between the customer and the company (Bernays, 2004). These efforts refer to the various approach techniques aimed at achieving the set objectives. Marketing helps individual and companies to obtain positive results through developing channels where they can be able to exchange products, ideas, and values. However, it is important to understand that balancing the company’s need and those of the customer is a crucial step, and any strategy used by the company in the marketing process must be guided by certain goals. Such objectives must meet customers’ expectations (Smith, 2004) . Today, there is a serious competition and event organizers must become innovative in order to out-smart other competitors in the same field. They must also be very creative to develop better strategies that will catch the attention of the customers. On the other hand, it is important that event organizers to have the ability to maintain customer’s base (Marconi, 2004). A good marketer is able to maintain a good relationship with the customers and therefore ensuring that the marketer also retains his customers (Wilcox and Cameron, 2011). Because of competition, marketers should work towards retaining their customers. However, this is not easy and it requires a well developed relationship between the marketer and the customer. Therefore, public relation and marketing go hand in hand. Public relation is a management practice which aims at promoting goodwill between the organization and the public, community members, employees and the customers (Brown, 2009). It also involves d ifferent procedures that influences public’s attitudes, defines procedures of a company, and develops the action plan to earn public acceptance (Breakenridge, 2008).Advertising Looking for essay on communications media? Let's see if we can help you! Get your first paper with 15% OFF Learn More When a company develops new products, public relation informs the public about the new products. The public relation department then studies the public to observe their reaction or respond to the new product. This is the reasons why event organizers must organize an event that will be productive. Relation marketing is a form of marketing which has emerged as a result of customer response. This form of marketing involves being aware of customers need in order to satisfy them (Smith, 2011). Relation marketing aims at developing a strong and long lasting relationship with the customers. Literature review of public relation theories In this section, this paper will review num erous contemporary theories of the public relations and relation marketing especially those theories that have emerged in the recent. This theories will demonstrate how new developments have emerged in this crucial areas of public relation and relation marketing. Rhetoric theory of public relation is one of the public relations theories that emerged long time. This theory was proposed by Robert Heath in the 1980. â€Å"Heath proposed rhetoric to be the essence of an organization’s relationship to its environment† (Mackey, 2003). According to Heath, expressing marketing ideas through speech plays an important role in promoting public relations. Heath also argues that, a good and successful organization is one that is able to communicate well to the customers (Mackey, 2003). Therefore, rhetorical theory plays a major role in facilitating public relations and it accounts for the symbolic aspects of communication that are significant in public relations activities (Mackey, 2003). Rhetoric theory helps to focus on the stakeholders, bring different interpretations, and creates meaning. The Commitment-Trust theory of relationship marketing. Morgan and Hunt, (1994) argues that relationship marketing is about creating and maintaining quality â€Å"relational exchange.† In order to have a successful relation marketing, commitment and trust are key ingredients required to maintain focus to the set goals. Relation marketing involves developing network so that the company can be ahead of other competitors. Morgan and Hunt (1994) say that, â€Å"true marketing companies† become successful by establishing strong networks that are held together by norms such as commitment and trust. Within a network, competitors need to develop a strong trust to cooperate well.Advertising We will write a custom essay sample on Public Relations specifically for you for only $16.05 $11/page Learn More On the other hand, there are other m any factors that may contribute to success or failure of relation marketing but commitment and trust are central to success of relation marketing because they encourage investment among marketers, encourage commitment to short term and long term goals, and they promote efficiency leading to supportive behavior (Morgan and Hunt, 1994). Symmetrical model of public relations. This theory was brought forward by Grunings and has its foundation from political science theories (Turney, 1998). Interest group liberalism is a political theory, which believes that in a society, groups have different interests and there is need to indentify a point of harmony. For instance, in a country groups of activists or trade unions must be formed to protect the public from exploitative behaviors (Turney, 1998). The symmetrical model in public relations argues that, public relation officers are hired not only to make sure the organization benefits but also to ensure that the targeted groups benefit (Turne y, 1998). This theory also argues that public relations occur when people want to secure and develop their expectations. For these reasons, people have to engage in dialogue and arguments to solve current issues and prevent conflict in the future. Public relation is a continuous practice and hence it is important to form long lasting relationships (Turney, 1998). It is also important to listen and understand others to ensure effective communication. Back ground information about Miss Universe 2011 In fact, Miss Universe 2011 attracted million of viewers across the world. This is also a current event that will help in reflecting how public relation and relation marketing have developed today. Miss Universe 2011 will also help in assessing the current marketing strategies especially the social media and how it has contributed to success of events. Miss Universe is beauty pageant project that was founded in the year 1952 by California Pacific Mills Company (Miss Universe Organization, 2011). This event is held every year with the main event usually being held in the months of May or July. The first contest was held in California. Miss Universe 2011 marks the 60th anniversary of the Miss Universe event; it was held in Brazil September 12, 2011 (Miss Universe Organization, 2011). The 2011 pageant was broadcasted across the world and it had over 600 million viewers. In this event, the finalists were interviewed and the runners up were decided based on this criterion.Advertising Looking for essay on communications media? Let's see if we can help you! Get your first paper with 15% OFF Learn More According to the organizers, the winner must meet certain standards and must posses some traits such as intelligent, quality discipline, and cultural values (Miss Universe Organization, 2011) and therefore Miss Universe contest is more than a beauty pageant. The event celebrates the intelligence, integrity, and personality of women (Miss Universe Organization, 2011). In recent years, Miss Universe has been chosen by popular internet vote. Voting of the winner was introduced to the viewers where people’s choice was voted in Miss Universe 2011; the winner and her runners-up were given special awards (Miss Universe Organization, 2011). The main objective of this event is to recognize and appreciate qualities that define a woman. On the other hand, the funds that are raised for this event are used to promote charity work across the world. It also promotes cultural values and helps to spread hope in the planet. Internal stakeholders in the Miss Universe 2011 include all involved p articipants such as staff, promoters, donors, contestants, and Miss World Organization, which is the main organizer. Externals stakeholders include all affected parties such as the, host country, community, and the media (Miss Universe Organization, 2011). Public relations strategies used on internal stakeholders For such a big event managing public relations may seem difficult. However, it is important to grab any opportunity to ensure that organizing of this event becomes successful (Ledingham and Bruning, 2001). Foremost, an effective public relations strategy on internals stakeholders will include press release. As an event organizer, it is important that all contestants, employees and other stakeholders be aware of any news concerning future events. Therefore, it is important to write a press release and distribute it to all involved stakeholders to ensure effective communication. Secondly, another public relation strategy that should be used on internal stakeholders is making use of the internet (Johnston and Zawawi, 2009).The company should create a blog. The company’s blog can play a major role to provide good public relations to the management and contestants. When your blog is part of the public relations it helps in enlightening the involved parties about the product and the events is exposed to the customers as well; it is a form of advertisement. Another strategy is working with the media. Public relation is the ability to create and develop free publicity (Hougaard and Bjerre 2003). As such, working with the media ensures that the event gets enough coverage. Once the event gets enough publicity, the company establishes new contacts with other interested parties including donors and volunteers (Bowdin, 2010). Working with the media will ensure that the event acquires more donors and contestants become interested too. Additionally, organizing media events can be a good public relation strategy on internal stakeholders (Smith, 2004). As an ev ent organizer, one can organize several media events such as special shows. This will help in getting many media outlets and it offers the event an opportunity to have a good exposure (Breakenridge, 2008). By gaining a good exposure will motivate the contestants because they also become aware of what is expected in the main event. On the other hand, the organizer should be very creative and come up with excellent ideas. Through such ways, the organization may encourage more promoters and donors to contribute towards supporting this event (Poster, 1995). The use of all public relations is effective in one way or the other. The use of press release, working together with the media, utilizing the internet, and organizing special events can ensure success of the main event (Bowdin, 2010). It will be effective since it provides good exposure, it motivates the contestants, encourages promoters, enlightens the staff, and it does attract more customers. However, creativity is required to pr ovide good public relations to ensure that the event becomes successful. Relation marketing strategies used on external stakeholders and its effectiveness Relations marketing strategies should ensure that external stakeholders are informed concerning events (Ledingham and Bruning, 2001). First, the marketing relations should set up a forum that will allow community and media representatives to give their views pertaining to the upcoming event. The hosting community determines the security level of the place where the event is occurring. For this reason, the relations marketing should ensure that the community is treated with dignity and respect (Marconi, 2004). Secondly, community members should be assured that the event would not violate their norms or interfere with their way of life. Thirdly, marketing relations has to ensure that the community and the media are rewarded for participating in the event and giving the event organizer a positive image (Smith, 2011). The event organi zer should understand that all the stakeholders including the hosting community and the media can make this event successful (Hougaard and Bjerre2003). Relation marketing should also appreciate the community and the social media for their support in the past; this will help them understand that the company recognizes their role and appreciates their effort (Brown, 2009). The media is responsible in promoting the event and the image of the company to the outside world and hence, the marketing relations department must ensure that the media is informed about the progress of the event from planning stages to the final detail. Additionally, the company should create a blog where it can communicate to the community and get instant feedback concerning the upcoming event. Alternatively, event organizer should promote community projects as a social corporate responsibility to bring the hosting community and event organizers closer creating good image and trust (Egan, 2008). Creating good co mmunication between the event organizers, hosting community, and social media will ensure that the company meets the expectations of the stakeholders. When the community feels appreciated, they will support this event and many others because community members have earned trust; this will contribute to success of the event (Peck, 2001). Generally, everyone likes to be appreciated and valued by the people they interact with. For instance, a media group that has supported the company before will be positive about this event because the company has rewarded them for their loyalty. This will ensure that, they will give the Miss Universe beauty pageant more media coverage (Egan, 2008). Conclusion and recommendations Managing relations with the media is so much inclined on public relations than relation marketing. For a long time public relations has been looked as synonymous with the media and this is not true. Public relations maintains positive image of the company to the public. Public relation officers use the social media and press release to communicate to the public. Therefore, public relations department must establish a positive relationship with the media; this is important to prevent any negative communication from the media (McKee and Dave, 2010). Communication is an important aspect in promoting event industry. To ensure that communication is effective, public relation and relation marketing should focus on exposing events online. Social networks can play a major role in this area. Organizers can communicate about Miss Universe event through face book and twitter because majority people are using these social networks. This way, it will attract more participants and encourage customers. To ensure that the event industry becomes successful in the future, organization should develop good relationship with the media because the social media plays a big role in public relations. Therefore, organization should always ensure that they relate well with media b ecause they are also stakeholders (Poster, 1995). Alternatively, organization should also consider promoting special events. The company can opt to promote any event at the community level with an aim of promoting charity work. Through this way, the community will developed trust towards the organization (Harrison and John, 1996) The company should develop a good relationship with their clients. Relation marketing department should create avenues that will enable the company to understand the changing needs of their customers (Egan, 2008). Customer relationship can also be improved by providing the clients with good experiences at all times. Engaging the customers by getting their opinion will enable the customers to feel appreciated and valued. Reference List Bernays, L., 2004. Public Relations. Cleveland: Kessinger Pub Co. Bowdin, G., 2010. Event management. London. Rutledge. Breakenridge, D., 2008. New media, New tools, New audiences. New Jersey: Pearson Education, Inc. Brown, R. , 2009. Public Relations and the Social Web. London: Kogan Page. Egan, J., 2008. Relationship Marketing: Exploring Relational Strategies in Marketing. New Jersey. Financial Times Prentice Hall. Harrison, J. and John, C., 1996. Managing and partnering with external stakeholders.  Academy of Management Executive, 10 (2), pp. 48-60. Hougaard, S. and Bjerre, S., 2003. Strategic relationship marketing. New York. Springer. Johnston, J. and Zawawi. C., 2009. Public Relations: Theory and Practice. Sidney: Allen Unwin. Ledingham, A. and Bruning, S., 2001. Public Relations as Relationship Management: A  Relational Approach to the Study and Practice of Public Relations. London: Routledge. Mackey, S., 2003. Changing vistas in public relations theory. Web. Marconi, J., 2004. Public Relations: The Complete Guide. New York: Thomson Learning. McKee, J. and Dave. E., 2010. Social Media Marketing: The next generation of  Business Engagement. New Jersey: John Wiley Sons. Miss Universe Organiza tion, 2011. Miss Universe. Web. Morgan, R. and Hunt, S., 1994. The Commitment-Trust theory of relation marketing.  The Journal of Marketing, 58 (3), pp. 20-38. Peck, H., 2001.Towards a framework of relationship marketing: a case study approach. Cranfield: Cranfield University Press. Poster, M., 1995. The Second media age. Cambridge: Polity Press. Smith, R., 2004. Strategic planning for public relations. London: Routledge. Smith, M., 2011. The New Relationship Marketing: How to Build a Large, Loyal,  Profitable network. New Jersey: John Wiley Sons. Turney, M., 1998. Asymmetric v. symmetric public relations. Web. Wilcox, L. and Cameron, T., 2011. Public Relations: Strategies and Tactics. Ottawa: Pearson education. This essay on Public Relations was written and submitted by user Eric Chapman to help you with your own studies. You are free to use it for research and reference purposes in order to write your own paper; however, you must cite it accordingly. You can donate your paper here.

The main purpose of the Panathenaia was to show of the greatness of Athens Essays

The main purpose of the Panathenaia was to show of the greatness of Athens Essays The main purpose of the Panathenaia was to show of the greatness of Athens Paper The main purpose of the Panathenaia was to show of the greatness of Athens Paper I disagree with the statement above. Primarily, the main purpose of the Great Panathenaia was to in the same as in the Lesser Panathenaia. The Lesser Panathenaia sought to honour the deity Athena by the means of a procession which started at the Diplyon Gate and headed through the city to the Acropolis. To honour Athena, the Athenians sacrificed many cows and sheep. The peplos was made by the women of Athens Polias in her temple. The Lesser Panathenaia also had many sporting events like traditional dancing, boat racing and a torch lit race, etc. The Lesser Panathenaia was a local event, in which only Athenians could take part, so they could not have been possibly be showing off their greatness. Later in 566 BCE, the Athenian tyrant Pisistratos expanded the Lesser Panathenaia into the Great Panathenaia, which was modelled on the Olympic and Pythian Games. The new sporting events introduced from the Olympic Games included running, equestrian events such as chariot racing and the pentathlon. The musical events included rhapsodes (reciters of poetry) retelling passages from Homer’s Odyssey and Iliad. There were also competitions for who could best play and accompany the lyre and aulos. As a result of these new events being introduced, new introduced and spectators began to come from all over the Greek world. Some also argue that in the Great Panathenaia, a very large peplos (robe) was made foe Athena Parthenos. The aim was the same, however if an additional peplos was made for Athena Parthenos in the Great Panathenaia, then in that year the Athenians had expanded their festival to honour both Athena Polias and Athena Parthenos. Athenians themselves were not trying to show off their greatness, instead the effects of the expansion of the festival made it seem that way. The introduction of new events, attracted more participants and spectators, who saw the wealth of the Athens, which by reflected in the new grand festival. They also saw the great architecture of Athens, and in particular by looking at the new temples which were recently built in the 5th century BCE, such as Parthenon on the Acropolis. The prizes of the events also increased Athenian prestige, such as amphorae of olive oil. They gave olive oil because Athena’s present to Athens was an olive tree and by giving the victors olive oil, they kept the tradition. However, as a result, it showed their wealth in oil, so that60 amphorae of oil could be given to a winner of chariot racing and one amphora contained 40L of oil. The amphorae of oil also contained paintings of the sporting events on one side and a picture of Athena Polias on the other side. This indirectly showed of the skills of Athens in arts, painting and pottery. The prizes of the musical events involved olive crowns in gold and shoed Athens’ wealth. The fact they also gave prizes to the second place winners also showed their wealth. Taken together, the expanded games and expensive prizes given to both first and second place contestants served to showed the greatness of Athens, and increase its prestige. However, welcome to the Athenians, the primarily purpose to honour the city’s goddess was served.

Definition and Examples of the Figures of Speech

Definition and Examples of the Figures of Speech The figures of speech are the various rhetorical uses of language  that depart from customary construction, word  order, or significance.  Figures of speech, Gleaves Whitney has observed, are  all of the ways in which human beings bend and stretch words to heighten meaning or create a desired effect (American Presidents: Farewell Messages to the Nation, 2003). Common figures of speech include metaphor,  simile, metonymy, hyperbole, personification, and chiasmus, though there are countless others. Figures of speech are also known as figures of rhetoric, figures of style, rhetorical figures, figurative language,  and schemes. Although the figures of speech are sometimes regarded as simply  ornamental additions to a text  (like candy sprinkles  on a cake), in fact they serve as integral elements of style and thought (the cake itself, as Tom Robbins points out). In the  Institutes of Oratory  (95 AD), Quintilian says  that  the figures, used effectively, are exciting to the emotions and give  credibility to our arguments.   For examples of the most common figures, follow the links at The Top 20 Figures of Speech. Also see Examples and Observations below. For definitions of well over 100 figures, visit The Tool Kit for Rhetorical Analysis. Examples and Observations An integral part of language, figures of speech  are found in oral literatures, as well as in polished poetry and prose and in everyday speech. Greeting-card rhymes, advertising slogans, newspaper headlines, the captions of cartoons, and the  mottoes of families and institutions often use figures of speech, generally for humorous, mnemonic, or eye-catching purposes. The argots of  sports, jazz, business, politics, or any specialized groups abound in figurative language. Most figures in everyday speech are formed by extending the vocabulary of what is already familiar and better known to what is less well  known.(Merriam-Websters Readers Handbook.  Merriam-Webster, 1997)The Figures as Ways of Seeing- The vast pool of terms for verbal ornamentation has acted like a gene pool for the rhetorical imagination, stimulating us to look at language in another way. . . . The figures have worked historically to teach a way of seeing.(Richard Lanham, A Handlist of Rhetorical Terms, 2nd ed. University  of California Press, 1991)- The most excellent ornaments, exornations, lightes, flowers, and formes of speech, commonly called the figures of rhetorike. By which the singular partes of mans mind, are most aptly expressed, and the sundrie affections of his heart most effectuallie uttered.(Henry Peacham, The Garden of Eloquence, 1593) Language Is Not the Frosting, Its the CakeIf, as Terence McKenna contended, the world is actually made of language, then metaphors and similes (puns, too, I might add) extend the dimensions and expand the possibilities of the world. When both innovative and relevant, they can wake up a reader, make him or her aware, through elasticity of verbiage, that reality- in our daily lives as well as in our stories- is less prescribed than tradition has led us to believe. . . .Ultimately, I use figures of speech to deepen the readers subliminal understanding of the person, place, or thing thats being described. That, above everything else, validates their role as a highly effective literary device. If nothing else, they remind reader and writer alike that language is not the frosting, its the cake.(Tom Robbins, What Is the Function of Metaphor? Wild Ducks Flying Backward. Bantam, 2005)The Plasticity of LanguageThe figurings of speech reveal to us the apparently limitless plasticity of language itself. We are confronted, inescapably, with the intoxicating possibility that we can make language do for us almost anything we want. Or at least a Shakespeare can.(Arthur Quinn, Figures of Speech: 60 Ways To Turn A Phrase. Routledge, 1995) SchemesThe Greeks called them schemes, a better word than figures, because they serve as persuasive tricks and rules of thumb. While Shakespeare had to memorize more than 200 of them in grammar school, the basic ones arent hard to learn. . . .Figures of speech change ordinary language through repetition, substitution, sound, and wordplay. They mess around with words- skipping them, swapping them, and making them sound different.(Jay Heinrichs, Thank You for Arguing. Three Rivers Press, 2007)Figures of Argument and Figures of StyleWe consider a figure to be argumentative if it brings about a change of perspective, and its use seems normal in relation to this new situation. If, on the other hand, the speech does not bring about the adherence of the hearer to this argumentative form, the figure will be considered an embellishment, a figure of style. It can excite admiration, but this will be on the aesthetic plane, or in recognition of the speakers originality.(Chaim Perelman and Lucie Olbrechts-Tyteca, The New Rhetoric: A Treatise on Argumentation. Translated by J. Wilkinson and P. Weaver. University  of Notre Dame Press, 1969) Figures of Speech in EconomicsFigures of speech are  not mere frills. They think for us. Says Heidegger, Die Spracht spricht, nicht der Mensch: The language speaks, not the human speaker. Someone who thinks of a market as an invisible hand and the organization of work as a production function and her coefficients as being significant, as an economist does, is giving the language a lot of responsibility. It seems a good idea to look hard at the language.(Deirdre N. McCloskey, The Rhetoric of Economics, 2nd ed.  University of Wisconsin Press, 1998)Figures of Speech and ThoughtThe real nature of the relation of figures to thought is very generally misunderstood. The majority of rhetoricians treat of them as mere ornaments, which render a discourse more pleasing, and which may be used or rejected at pleasure. Some writers- as, for example, Lockecondemn their employment in works intended to convey knowledge and truth; they are pronounced inventions, which serve only to insinuate wrong ideas, move the passions, and mislead the judgment.But instead of being inventions of art, they are the natural, and therefore necessary and universal forms, in which excited imagination and passion manifest themselves. The young and the old, the barbarous and the civilized, all employ them unconsciously. Languages in their earlier state are highly figurative; as they grow older they lose their natural picturesqueness and become collections of lifeless symbols. These abstract forms are regarded by rhetoricians and grammarians as the natural and ordinary forms of speech, and so they describe figures as departures from the usual forms of expression.(Andrew D. Hepburn, Manual of English Rhetoric, 1875) Figures of Speech as (Metaphorical) Dance Moves[Figures of speech] are like the steps a ballet dancer might perform as part of a longer routine: for instance, pirouette (spinning on tiptoes), grand jetà © (jumping  horizontally with legs extended backward and forward),  and chassà © (sliding with legs bent). These dance moves, like the figures, are units of performance:  we can point to them, describe  how they are formed, and judge whether they are executed effectively or not. There are no rigid rules about how they might be combined or incorporated into a broader performance. Like dance moves, the figures of speech are  vehicles for managing interactions between performer and audience while shaping  the latters perceptions of what they see or read. They are also already in circulation and thus  part  of a general repertoire for performance. For this reason, they carry meanings and values that exceed an individual performers use of them. In other words, they come w ith baggage- most of it positive, but some negative.(Chris Holcomb and M. Jimmie Killingsworth,  Performing Prose: The Study and Practice of Style in Composition.  Southern Illinois University Press, 2010) The Lighter Side of Figures of SpeechRocket: I have a plan! I have a plan!Drax: Cease your yammering, and relieve us from this irksome confinement.Peter Quill: Yeah, I’ll have to agree with the walking thesaurus on that  one.Drax: Do not ever call me a  thesaurus.Peter Quill: Its just a metaphor, Dude.Rocket: His people are completely literal. Metaphors are gonna go over his  head.Drax: Nothing goes over my head. My reflexes are too  fast. I would catch it.Gamora: Im gonna die surrounded by the biggest idiots in the galaxy.(Guardians of the Galaxy, 2014) Pronunciation: FIG-yurz uv SPEECH

Reed dance Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1250 words

Reed dance - Essay Example Their merit and usefulness to building the society are being constantly evaluated by the think-tanks of the society. In this essay, a discussion is attempted about their merits and demerits and their continuing intrinsic strength to hold sway over the people. 1. Swaziland Reed Dance The married women of Swaziland consider it as the occasion of lifetime. â€Å"Umhlanga, or the Reed Dance, is the culmination of eight days of honoring the Queen Mother in late August or early September when the reed harvest happens. For eight days maidens march to the fields of reeds, chop them down, bundle them up, and present them as windbreakers for the Queen Mother’s residence.†(Witnessing†¦)The ceremony is especially for the girls to show honor and respect to their Queen Mother and the King Mswati III. The girls arrive from their respective villages for the traditional rite of passage ceremony so that all the participants are accounted for. Once this procedure is over they are sen t to the nearby valleys by foot to fetch ten foot tall reeds and they bring it to their place of residence. 1. Lattmaar Holi of Barsana (India) This is a traditional ritual cum festival celebrated in the District of Mathura in Northern India. It has immense cultural significance. It is a ritual to assert the rights of women and proclaim before the world that they are not only equal but more equal to menfolk. â€Å"Latt† means a big strong stick. â€Å"Maar† means to hit. Yes, this festival symbolizes violence. In the course of celebrating this ritual the super-charged women attack menfolk with bamboo sticks and it is no ordinary lashing. Men need lots of skills, which they have practiced intensely at least a month before the ritual to escape from the lashes that are unleashed without intermission from all ends. It is not a solo fight of one woman attacking one man. Men need to be ready to take blows from a group of women and they do their job mercilessly with a vengean ce. 2. During Umhlanga, the girls are educated and counseled about becoming women as per their local traditions and beliefs. â€Å"This tradition is focused on encouraging young Swazi women to abstain from intimate relations and keep their virginity intact until they are considered old enough to be married.† (Witnessing†¦) On completion of these formalities the girls gather for two days of dancing and other celebrations. On the first day, all of them assemble and deliver their reeds to the Queen Mother and to King Mswati III. Next, they do a march past before the King and other important guests and the tourists who arrive in large numbers to witness this semi-naked phenomena. â€Å"At Umhlanga, thousands of virgins dance in front of the Queen Mother and the King at the royal residence stadium—and it is quite a spectacle.†(Witnesing†¦) The maidens are dressed in traditional attire and â€Å"Their regalia consisted of bead necklaces, wool sashes, rattli ng anklets made from cocoons, and the four-inch-wide blue pleated skirt. Many carried a machete, â€Å"to cut the reeds.† (Witnessing†¦) They all reveal their bare breasts while dancing and singing and this dance is supposed to be for the unification of the Kingdom’s women. His Majesty King Mswati III often utilizes this occasion to publicly court a prospective fiancee and he joins the celebrations to pay tribute to the participating maidens. â€Å"The current monarch, King Mswati III, has 14 wives, which is

How Increase in Fuel Prices are Effecting the Airline Industry Essay

How Increase in Fuel Prices are Effecting the Airline Industry - Essay Example This paper illustrates that since the fuel cost is one of the major costs incurred by the airlines therefore, the continuous increase in the fuel prices for the last years has been very threatening for all airlines. The major impact of increase in fuel prices is reflected in the increasing operating expenses and operating losses of airlines. Even the airlines which have been able to survive during this turmoil through their aggressive hedging options could not make targeted revenues. The rise in fuel prices has not only influenced the airlines individually but it has also influenced the entire world airline industry. According to International Air Transport Association, the profits of airlines will reduce with the rise in oil prices. The net profit of airline industry will be $8.6 billion in 2011 as compared to $16 billion in 2010. Moreover, if the unrest situation in Libya and Middle East persists then oil prices will further increase which will negatively influence the airline indu stry. At individual level, all airlines have been incurring huge losses for the last few years. The United States Passenger Airlines Industry faced a total operating loss of $4.3 billion in first three quarters of year 2008. According to the report of Government Accountability Office, the price of jet fuel was the major operating expense in 2008 and the major contributor of loss in 2008. The fuel costs were 25 percent of the total expense of the airlines in the first three quarters of 2007 however, in the first three quarters of 2008, the fuel costs became 32 percent of the total expense. In the third quarter of 2008, when fuel prices increased by 60 percent as compared to 2007, seven smaller airlines stopped their operations and many entered into bankruptcy. Today, the rise in fuel prices is continuously harming the operations of airlines around the world. Air India, the national carrier of India is facing a loss of Rs. 600 crore a month. The monthly income of the airline is Rs. 1, 100 crore whereas; the expense of airline was Rs. 1,700 crore and the increase in fuel prices was the major factor for this loss. According to Bob Herbst of AirlineFinancial, if the fuel prices remain at $105 per barrel in 2011 then the major eight airlines of the United States will have to pay more than $9 billion on fuel costs as compared to 2010. Moreover, these airlines will have to improve their revenues to breakeven to avoid any operating loss. On the other hand, a few airlines are also reporting the profits despite the high fuel costs. Korean Air reported a net profit of $29 million in second quarter of 2011 as compared to a huge loss during the same period in 2010. The airline claims that despite the high fuel prices, the airline has been able to make profits in the second quarter of 2011. Interestingly, the increase in fuel prices has also provided significant benefits to few airlines like Southwest Airlines. Southwest Airlines had the advantage over its competitors because of its hedged fuel prices. The company had hedged 70 percent of its fuel consumption at $51 per barrel when other airlines were paying $135 per barrel. However, the airline will ultimately go under the impact of high fuel prices because in 2012, the airline will be having only 15 percent of its total fuel purchases at $63 per barrel.

Vikki and Tim decide to meet with a mortgage lender Essay Example for Free

Vikki and Tim decide to meet with a mortgage lender Essay Vikki Rocco, (age 26) has been living in her apartment for three years. Her savings system is well organized and she feels comfortable about the progress she is making with her financial goals. Her credit card balance is now paid in full monthly. She is continuing to save more than 10% of her gross salary in her 401(k) plan and she stay within budget. After dating for two years, she is engaged to Tim Treble (age 28), and they are planning to be married in nine months. Because they want to buy a house within the next 2 or 3 years, Vikki and Tim decide to meet with a mortgage lender to determine how large of a mortgage they will be able to afford an what they need to save. The mortgage lender asks them both questions about their finances that they hadn’t yet considered. Although Vicky feel comfortable with the questions, Tim is nervous when he forced to take a closer look at his finances. He discovers that he has much more debt than he realized. Vikki and Tim’s financial statistics are shown below : Assets Liabilities Checking Account *$10,500 (Vikki), $4,000 (Tim) Including their emergency funds Student Loan $9,000 Credit Card Balances (Tim) Car $2,500 (Vikki), $15,000 (Tim) 401 (k) balance $25,000 (Vikki), $8,000 (Tim) Income Monthly Expenses Gross Annual Salary $50,000 (Vikki) $48,000 (Tim) After-Tax Monthly Salary $2,917 (Vikki) $2,800 (Tim) Rent $750 (Vikki), $450 (Tim) Food $250 (Vikki), $350 (Tim) Student Loan $250 Credit Card Payment $300 (Tim) Entertainment-$300 Wedding Expenses $500 Gas/Repairs $350 (combined) Retirement Savings : 401 (k) Vikki $500 per month, plus 50% employer match on first 7% of pay. Tim $400 per month, plus 50% match on first 8% of pay

Destiny, Fate, Free Will and Free Choice in Oedipus the King - Fate and

Oedipus Rex, Fate, and the Modern World  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚   In the two thousand since â€Å"Oedipus Rex† was written, it has been analyzed and dissected innumerable times and in every possible way.   Usually the analysis has been within the context of the play itself or within the context of other Greek tragedies.   Perhaps it would be more relevant and interesting to evaluate the play within the context of the modern world.   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚   In his play Sophocles brings up many questions which are not easily answered.   Does man ha free will? What responsibilities does a man have for his own actions? Should the inferior human intellect and poor human reasoning be placed above obedience to one’s God or gods?   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚   Neither Sophocles nor the Greeks originated these questions.   Thousands of years before the time of the Greeks man worried that his life, and therefore his fate, was determined by very powerful gods.   Hence much time and energy was spent praying and asking the gods to utilize divine intervention to provide better hunting, weather, food, and other forms of good fortune.   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚   Thousands of years of superstition and spiritual worship evolved into Greeks’ religion, which was based on mythology and the belief that gods of the Olympus controlled the lives of men.   Sophocles brings to light the Greeks’ beliefs in several scenes as the gods are consulted through the oracles.   In one scene, Iokaste tells Oedipus that an oracle told Laios that his doom would be death at the hands of his own son.  Ã‚  Ã‚   His son born of his flesh and mine (II. 214-220).   Iokaste and Laios had asked an oracle about their baby’s future (Oedipus) to have better understanding of the child’s fate.   Upon receiving this information, and realizing the tragic destiny o... ...learn there, I f he can, What act or pledge of mine may save the city. (II. 72-77)   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚   As the Greeks did two thousand years ago, the Indians of Guatemala do today.   Oracles are consulted about every important event in their life.   Not only do they go to their future, they also make many futile attempts to change their destiny by offering food, money, alcohol or cigars to Maximon, Culiatlec, Kielem, or whatever god they believe to have the strongest powers.   Without access to resources or education, the Mayan Indian is destined to work his small plot of land and barely survive on a diet of beans and tortillas.   He will dye young from hard work just as his father, grand father, and every other ancestor since the beginning of time.   If he tries to change his fate by taking up arms against his oppressor, he will dye even younger.   In the same way  Ã‚     

Use and Importance of Computers in Education

Many technological advances have been made throughout history making life easier, one of which is the computer. Computers have changed the world, as a lot of things can now be done through computers. Computers are everywhere at school, at work, and at home. Many daily activities either involve the use of or depend on information from a computer. Over the past decade, the number of schools with computer and the Internet access has grown exponentially, and the number of children going online from school has followed suit. The first computer Atanasoff Berry Computer (ABC) was developed in 1942. Historians divide the history of the modern computer into generations, beginning with the introduction of the UNIVersal Automatic Compute (UNIVAC), the first commercial computer which was introduced in 1951 (Computer, I40). Professor John Atanasoff and graduate student Clifford berry built the world’s first electronic digital computer which included several innovations such as computing, logical arithmetic and different processing (Lemons, Computer impact on education 2009). Computers mean instant access to information because they affect different aspects of people’s lives, homes and society. Computers have become an integral part of the education as they allow students and teachers access to information, show students real world, help in research projects, and prepare for their jobs. This paper attempts to gather and analyze information about use of the computers in education system. Education is the process of acquiring knowledge. In the traditional model, people learn from other people such as parents, teachers, and employers. Many forms of printed material such as books and manuals are used as learning tools. Today, educators also are turning to computers to assist with education (Discovering of Computer, 32). Many schools and companies equip labs and classrooms with computers. Some schools require students to have a notebook computer or personal digital assistant (PDA) to access the school’s network or Internet wirelessly (Discovering of Computer, 36). Moreover, there are lots of various interactive white boards such as SmartBoard, ActivBoard, Mimeo and Webster. These electronic boards connect with the teacher's computer and can be used in different ways. For instance, if the teacher takes notes on the interactive white board, then it can save those notes and provide them to students who missed class. The teacher can upload them to a school Web site, where that child or a parent can see them. In a graphic way, the teacher can demonstrate what happens when you mix colors, divide numbers or create a virtual science experiment. The board also can provide interactive review games,in which students match the correct answers or fill in the blanks. All of the white board companies have Web site with lesson plans and suggestions. Teachers also find lesson plans by searching the Internet or on teacher forums. These boards are more useful and helpful in interactive teaching method where students can enjoy their learning process. Another way of using computers in the classroom is the use of online research projects, or Web quests. As with interactive white boards, several online sites are available to teachers with hundreds of potential projects for their students. Students are challenged to create utopian societies, time capsules, comic strips or find careers. Simulation is another way to use computers in a classroom context. Simulations provide â€Å"real-life† experiences in many cases, for example: the experience with the stock market or using math in daily life. The virtual field trips bring far-flung places into the classroom. If it is not possible to travel to Colonial Williamsburg, the students can visit websites like history. org instead and watch the actual place virtually. With this sort of virtual learning environment, computers have proven extremely beneficial especially to the kids. In addition, computers with certain speech, audio, and motor limitations also provide a huge benefit to the kids. Kids with special needs can use alternative input and output devices (assistive technologies) to interact with computers and do things that they normally could not accomplish independently. They benefit especially from having access to an on-demand, patient tutor that allows them to work at their own pace. Computers improve both teaching and student achievement. Across the world children have entered a passionate and enduring love affair with the computer. Thus, when used for educational programs, what attracts the children most is not the beauty of or interests in the content being learned, but these are video effects of the computer. It is a great need that children and young people have to learn computers now otherwise they will fall behind in their future search for professional jobs and career. Computers these days have become so easy to use and learn. The online tutorials are becoming so powerful that any one will be able to learn how to use computers very fast at any age. The use of computers will be part of on-the-job training, provided by the enterprises themselves. It is a fact that many adults are afraid of computers, but the person will not be the case with children who were born after the introduction of personal computers. As of today, more than 70 percent of colleges offer some sorts of distance learning classes. Distance learning makes students independent. Not only distance learning, computer based teaching itself is also very important. A meta-analysis of forty-two controlled evaluation studies was conducted to determine the effectiveness of computer-based teaching (CBT) at the secondary level. According to the evaluation, results indicate that programs of computer-assisted and computer-managed instruction raised student examination scores by approximately 0. standard deviations (SDs). Programs using computer-enriched instruction, however, raised examination scores by only 0. 07 SDs in the average study. The effects of CBT on student learning were stronger in studies focusing on disadvantaged students and in studies conducted in recent years. Research is also the part of education system. Research provides more knowledge and ideas about particular subjects. Computers these days are absolutely neces sary throughout the research process. The role of the computer becomes more important when the research is on a large sample. Computers play vital role in data storage and processing. Computers assist the researcher throughout different phases of the research process such as the conceptual phase, design and planning phase, empirical phase, analytic phase and dissemination phase. Computers help with searching the literature, creating a theoretical framework and formulating of hypothesis. In research studies, the preparation and inputting of data is the longest and most time consuming work but the computer helps to do it in comparatively less time. All branches of science, from biology to astronomy to meteorology, use computers to assist them with collecting, analyzing and modeling data. Breakthroughs in surgery, medicine, and treatments often result from scientist’s use of computers. Special software assists graphic designers in developing pages that include text, graphics, and photographs; artists in composing and enhancing songs; filmmakers in creating and editing film; and journalists and mobile users in capturing and modifying video clips. The use of computer-based software tools assist engineers and machinists in manufacturing or prototyping product components. Computers is one of the vital equipment in today's world. To make tomorrow's work force competitive in an increasingly high-tech world, learning computer skills must be a priority. Working with computers particularly using the Internet brings students valuable connections with teachers, other schools and students, and a wide network of professionals around the globe. Those connections spice the school day with a sense of real world relevance, and broaden the educational community. Thus, many people believe that the use of computer in education system is vital to success in today’s world. As technology continues to advance, computers are becoming a part of everyday life. Computers allow people across the world to communicate easily. They have changed the face of society as well. Computers are not only storage devices and processing unit but are also excellent communication media which can make the work easier and efficient in a very short period of time. Business and entertainment uses them to make profits, education uses them to help and educate students better, and the Medical field uses computers in many different ways and other areas. The world would be a dull and primitive place without computer technology. Computers, which have such a wide variety of applications, are indeed ruling society. To keep up the pace in this fast life of today, computer education is extremely important. Computers are an integral part of life and so is computer education. Therefore, computers have changed today’s society a lot in almost all fields, among which the education is one of the notable one. Computers are important in education because they teach to reconsider how people learn and what the nature of learning and useful information is. At this moment, no one can avoid the presence of computers in school as it has become a necessity in a lot of scenarios. The use of computers in education enables each student to tie-in the classroom objectives and make a connection to real-world applications. This emerging computer and the Internet technology give students and the teacher access to a world of knowledge.

North West Case Essay

Executive Summary North West Company will move towards a â€Å"pull strategy† within its supply chain. Pull production is based on actual or consumed demand and individual store managers will monitor this. The benefit of localization for North West will be a higher inventory turnover rate. The benefit for customers will be a more customized shopping experience based on their community. The potential risks are there are high costs involved in implementing a new database system and procurement decisions will be divided between category managers and store managers. We will implement a new database system and train store managers to purchase inventory based on local and regional needs. This system will allow stores to be a part of their community and customer needs can be better met. Issue Identification These are the following issues that must be addressed: Forecasting and Procurement – Low Inventory Turnover Rate Product Receiving and Shipping – Reducing Cycle Time Merchandising and Selling – Interorganizational Information Systems Store Managers – Preference Implications Environment and Root Cause Analysis Environment North West Company has a lower inventory turnover rate than most of its competitors and that is due to the use of a â€Å"push strategy† within the supply chain. Customer demands are not taken into consideration and they often have to shop at competitors to meet their needs. Issue Identification Forecasting and Procurement – Low Inventory Turnover Rate Forecasting and procurement use a â€Å"push strategy† where production decisions are based on long term historical forecasting. Category managers look at past trends and base their buying decisions on past sales. Purchase orders are submitted at least 4 months prior to the intended selling period. This does not allow for a response to changes in demand. This can lead to overstocking inventory, which is what causes the low turnover rate. The relationship with suppliers is streamlined because orders are placed in large batches and way ahead of time. The lack of customization allows suppliers to respond quickly and production is ahead of schedule. Product Receiving and Shipping – Reducing Cycle Time Products arrive at the distribution center approximately two months prior to the selling period. Inventory is separated between temporary and regular on two floors. Space is optimized because of the tight managing schedule or receiving and shipping however the lead-time to distribute the merchandise is too long. Excess merchandise is â€Å"pushed† to stores and eventually ends up being marked down. Merchandising and Selling – Interorganizational Information Systems Once merchandise arrives to the stores it is immediately put on display. Rural stores often sell out of popular items and customers are left with no choice but to shop at a competitor or substitute for other items. Demand for particular stores is not forecasted and this is an opportunity cost. The product assortment is kept fresh throughout the selling period by splitting up shipments throughout the period. There is a lack of information between stores and what each store/region requires. Store Managers – Preference Implications Category managers currently make all procurement decisions. Individual  stores have no say in what they will be selling and cannot combat customer demands. Although a costly process, if managers are given the ability to customize their inventory stores will be able to cater to their specific communities. Alternatives and Options Forecasting and Procurement – Inventory Turnover Pro: Forecasting and procurement is a fairly simple process because orders are placed in large batches and way ahead of time based on historical data. Con: It takes longer to respond to changes in demand, which results in overstocking. Alternative: Dividing inventory into two categories – General and Seasonal/Customized. General merchandise with consistent sales will maintain the â€Å"push strategy† as the process is less costly and decisions are based on data. Seasonal/Customized inventory will adopt a â€Å"pull strategy† where store managers will have the opportunity to make decisions based on their immediate environment. Product Receiving and Shipping – Reducing Cycle Time Pro: The distribution center is already divided into two floors – one for immediate shipping and the other for storage. This makes for easy access to what needs to be shipped right away and what does not. Con: Two months is a long time to be housing inventory that is projected for a specific period. Demands can change in this time frame and the distribution center is left with no choice other than to â€Å"push† inventory to store warehouses. This is what leads to unnecessary markdowns. Alternative: Placing orders with suppliers at a later date will reduce the time inventory sits at the distribution center. The center already runs  smoothly and on schedule so pushing back shipments should not be a problem. This will allow orders to go in at a later date where inventory demands might change. Merchandising and Selling – Interorganizational Information Systems Pro: Merchandise is immediately put on display so stores do not have to stock inventory. Con: If a store runs out of certain products they cannot meet demand. Similarly, if a product does not sell it will eventually go into clearance. Alternative: Creating a database between stores that shows inventory of each store will allow inventory to move easily from one location to the next. Stores should hold some general merchandise in order to allow a continuous flow of turnover. Store Managers – Preference Implications Pro: Store managers can customize orders based on customer needs and local trends. There is opportunity to have higher inventory turnover because of localization. Con: Manager’s preferences can be biased and oppose that of the company as a whole. Alternative: Store managers should be given proper training and a guideline of what they can purchase. Managers are limited to â€Å"OTB† dollars. Recommendations The following is a summary of my recommendations: Categorize inventory into two sections: General and Seasonal/Customized Maintain the current system for General merchandise  Seasonal/Customized inventory to move to a â€Å"pull system† Within the â€Å"pull system†, seasonal/customized inventory is ordered at a later date to reduce storage time at distribution center Create storage space within individual stores for General merchandise Implementing a database for all stores to view on hand inventory Training store managers to use the database Developing an allowance for store managers to purchase products for their individual stores Implementation The first step is to categorize inventory between general and seasonal/customized. This will be appointed to category managers. General inventory will maintain the system that is already in place and will be consistent for all 147 stores. Once seasonal/customized inventory is identified, forecasting should be done two months prior to purchasing period. This responsibility will be that of the store manager. Cycle time will be reduced as the distribution center will now only be a gathering point for incoming shipments rather than a storage facility. Individual stores should allow for some storage space for General inventory and overstock. North West will need to invest at least $10 million to develop a database. The database will take a month to implement and we should consider up to two months for training of store managers. The category managers will determine the allowance that each store manager is given. We can look at data to determine which stores are most successful and calculate an allowance based on individual store inventory turnover. The entire plan should take no longer than six months to implement. Monitor and Control Timely checks should be made to see if the implementation plan is successful. Once inventory has been categorized and a database has been developed, category managers should measure the store managers’ performance. This includes examining if inventory turnover has gone up. Customers can be given surveys to measure whether or not their needs are being met. The  reduction in markdowns should be measured as well in order to determine whether or not this is a feasible system.

Dead Star Essays

Dead Star Essays Dead Star Essay Dead Star Essay Based on a true story, the film begins portraying Lorenzo Odone leading his chief life on the Comoro Islands where he learns, plays and enjoys interacting with other people in the place. Lorenzo is the son of Michaela and Augusto Odone. At the age of 6, things start to go wrong with him. He begins to have strange memory problems, blackouts, he collapses, he raves and he loses his hearing.So his concerned parents got worried and take him to the doctor. When Augusto and Michaela talked to the doctor, they were told that Lorenzo has been diagnosed with the childhood cerebral form of adrenoleukodystrophy (ALD), a progressive degenerative nervous system disorder. This disease has no cure and quite rare. The doctor explained to Augusto and Michaela the slowly arising symptoms that will be experienced by their son until he will be disabled and die in 2 years.The parents’ hearts were shattered upon hearing all those especially for Michaela when she found out that his son got this disease from her because mothers, who are the only carriers, pass this to their sons. They took Lorenzo to one of the worlds foremost experts but bypass the slow lane of medical research. They decided to be independent to medical science because they believe that the time remaining will not be enough if they would still wait for ongoing medical examination for ALD.They take matters into their own hands and start their own investigation of the disease even though neither has a scientific or medical background. The couple spends countless hours in medical libraries reading journal articles and talking to researchers and doctors. Although doctors tell the Odones there’s no hope for their son, Augusto tries to find out all he can about the disease. He keeps on discussing with his wife how to reduce and normalize these fatty acids that hinder Lorenzo’s regular body metabolism.They even make Lorenzo go through a diet which inhibits him the intake of saturated fat-containing food. This strategy still keeps the oleic acid of Lorenzo keeps on rising until they found out that it is not enough to restrain the entrance of saturated fats in his body but also to reduce the process of its body to produce this fatty acid. As Augusto continues on their studies he was able to sum up all the variables to know the right treatment for his son. After much hard work and some inspiration, they helped develop a treatment for ALD made from olive and rapeseed, which name Lorenzo’s Oil.The Odones had to fight the medical establishment and even other parents of ALD boys to win acceptance of their discovery. At the end of the movie, Lorenzo is able to communicate by a modified sign language. The story ends on a positive note as several children with ALD who have been treated with Lorenzos Oil are shown to be healthy. 1) Basically, we can relate the story to the present lesson in genetics for the cause of Lorenzo got his illness from his mother. Meaning, the adrenoleukodystophy or ALD is one of the inherited diseases carried by a mother’s gene and this is associated with the Law of Inheritance.With this topic, it can be further explained through our discussions in genetics about questions like: What are the processes involve on how Lorenzo got ALD? Why is it that this disease can only pass in to male offspring? In the movie, Augusto and Michaela also include Genetics as one of the subject matter they should study in order to recognize and gather all the needed information for them to understand even the deeper edges about the rare disease Lorenzo’s carrying so that they can formulate its treatment. ) The story is all about a father and a mother fighting for their son to live despite that their belief appear as impossibility for the people that surround them. As individuals, it would be quite easy to feel helpless while up against a disease such as ALD. But Augusto and Michaela Odone refused to just stand while their sons life slipped away from them. Instead, they decided to learn as much as they could about their sons devastating illness and then set about to find a cure. They spend almost 24 hours in thinking and doing everything they could to save their son’s life.Normally this part will touch every viewer’s heart but what made my tears fall was when Michaela is giving away this line to her son saying, If this is too much for you my sweetheart, then you fly. You fly as fast as you can to Baby Jesus. Its ok. Mama and papa will be ok. This tore my heart because it shows that with all the efforts and no matter how Michaela wants to see her son alive, she will always be ready to let him go for the freedom of Lorenzo from all the pain that he is suffering. 3) The story is a true masterpiece about hope. The arents in order to survive their son to illness didn’t depend their son’s chance to live to the doctors instead, they exceeded the ability of any doctor could do and at the same time performed as an extraordinary parents with full of faith on what they are doing. Because of hope, they turned misfortune into miracles and tragedy into triumph. With all the struggles that they had been through, it made they’re life more meaningful and this only means there’s no difficulty God will give us that we cannot surpass. 4) The movie making is spectacular and of highest quality.I wept several times when watching this film. This is a n intense drama with fine acting and something to think about deeply. The emotional roller coaster of confusion, assurance, despair, determination, disappointment, guilt, love, joy, and perseverance are beautifully depicted. It’s also quite inspiring. I have immense admiration for Augusto and Michaela. Facing mockery, skepticism and criticism, they persevered in their quest to help stop a deadly disease. The Odones struggled and conquered their misfortune, and their achievement was outstanding.

Broken Windows Theory Essay Example for Free

Broken Windows Theory Essay The â€Å"broken windows† theory as explained in the article; which holds that physical detoriation and an increase in unrepaired buildings leads to increased concerns for personal safety of residents and a rise in the crime rates, is an applicable theory for the conditions in the inner cities. I believe it also can apply to the current conditions in some suburban areas that are degrading, such as the local town of Norristown where I grew up. Norristown up until the 1960’s and the rise in drug use, was peaceful little mini-city in the suburbs of Philadelphia. Growing up in Norristown, my father would tell me stories of neighbors taking care of neighbors during tough economic times, and even fearing getting in trouble because everyone in the neighborhood would hit him before he got home to his father. The area hangouts were always clean and peaceful, and the houses were up kept. There still was crime, but it wasn’t always violent or prevalent. That all changed in his estimation by the late 1960’s. The drug culture entered into the area, and houses started to become run-down due to numerous squatters living 10-15 at the time in them. Area hangouts became dangerous, and he said they would have to literally fight other groups to be allowed to use the basketball courts. Violent crimes with weapons rose, and so did murder. During the 1970’s and the 1980’s, older residents began moving out in droves despite the Council’s attempts to institute tougher crime-fighting tactics. By the turn of the 2000’s, many neighborhoods looked rundown and were dangerous. I was born in Norristown in 1986 and lived there until my parents were able to move out in 1998. Drugs were rampant, crime was bad, and my mother never let me leave the house without someone older and trustworthy escorting me. If you took the time walking down in the neighborhoods, which we did a lot to get to school, you noticed many of the things mentioned in the â€Å"broken windows† theory breakdown. Many houses had broken windows, graffiti, and were the hangouts for drug users. Squatters were as prevalent as they were in the late 1960’s, with anywhere between 10-20 adults of all kinds of races living in the houses and dealing drugs. The police couldn’t do anything without getting shot. A lot of officers were harmed, and the drug operations to try and stop the flow of drugs from Philadelphia and Camden, NJ were hardly successful. I personally saw two of my cousins fall trapped to both sides of this dichotomy, one became a narcotics officer who was forced into retirement due to being shot in the back by a drug dealer, and another cousin is spending the next 25 years in prison for drug trafficking and the sale of cocaine. Gangs and drug dealers began coming from Philadelphia to establish â€Å"satellite† branches of their operations. People began putting bars on their window s due to the break-ins, community events kept getting cancelled, and the sound of gunshots became normal. By late 2004, the Council in Norristown decided to take action. Rundown houses were boarded up and condemned. Cops were brought in from outside jurisdictions to train the Norristown police on how to run better undercover drug sting operations. Crime was reduced, but murders were still high. The Council also sought out one thing they didn’t before, outside investment by companies to revitalize sections of the town. With these steps, Norristown has begun to improve, and so has the feelings of safety for the local populace. However, Norristown has decades of decay to combat, which will take time. If only they had looked at the â€Å"broken windows† theory they could have fixed this years ago. Broken Windows Theory. (2018, Oct 20).

The Main Causes of World War I. (Militarism, Alliances Imperialism and Research Paper

The Main Causes of World War I. (Militarism, Alliances Imperialism and Nationalism) - Research Paper Example The street celebrations that accompanied the war declaration between French and British gave historians the impression that the move was really popular. Politicians, known to follow the popular side were in support of this move. Historians yet believe that the assassination of Archduke Ferdinand, the heir of the Serbian empire sparked war between the Austria-Hungary, which prompted the allied nations to join. The First World War having started in Central Europe, begun in 1914 and ended in 1918. During its progression time, it rapidly spread to other parts of the world and involved many countries. The war that had devastating effects is believed to have been caused by a number of reasons according to historians. However, they anonymously agree on the four major causes of the war which include Militarism, Alliances, Imperialism and Nationalism. This paper will look at these four as the major causes of World War I and their effects to the fighting nations. Imperialism Various scholars a ttribute the start of World War 1 to imperialism that was sparked in the European continent. Since countries such as United Kingdom had accumulated a lot of wealth in the late 19th century and early 20th century from the control of foreign resources and markets, territories and people, other empires too started gaining hopes of economically benefiting from acquiring empires such as Germany, Austria-Hungary, Italy and Russia1. However, this totally flopped as things did not turn out to their expectations leading to a lot of frustrations that increased the levels of anxiety and rivalry among powers. Increasingly, the natural resources in the European continent were diminishing at a fast rate, negatively impacting on trade balance. This development made it necessary for companies to seek for new raw materials elsewhere, thus settling for Africa and Asian continents. Vested economic interests by various European nations were the major contributors of the Anglo-German rivalry when the sc ramble for Africa intensified. This scene created the sharpest conflict between German and British interests that had been in a heated competition. The rivalry was however not based on colonies alone. Colonial trade and trade routes was also part of the major issues that caused the outbreak of the war as experts observe. Different emerging economic powers and the incumbent of great economic powers in the African continent saw an increased rise in the broader disputes2. From the 1980s, the rivalry among great powers due to colonial territories intensified and kept growing. Hatred between conflicting powers was evident, while war was imminent. This period witnessed the acquisition of both the African and the Asian continents by the European powers. However, the increased conflicts that arose between the various powers of the European origin saw the spark of the war. The scramble for African and Asian continents increased the tensions between Anglo-French and Anglo-Russian powers, as w ell as the crises that had sought to prevent British alliances with either of the two until the wake of the twentieth century. Not only was the overseas empire a problem to some countries such as Germany, she was also faced with yet another predicament. Otto von Bismarck was not in favour of overseas empire building, and more so acquisitions of Africa. His only support for the African scramble and colonization was that to him, it served as a bite which diverted the attention of governments away from Europe